Abstract
Approximately 22% of waste from the oil palm industry consists of empty fruit bunch (EFB). This type of biomass along with a vast quantity of agricultural residues can be utilized in natural fibre-based composites. Previous studies on palm kernel oil have successfully turned it into a polyurethane polyol in producing natural oil-based Polyurethane foam. The incorporation of different EFB fibre sizes at levels of 5.5% of 45-56 μm, 4.5% of 100-160 μm and 2.5% of 200-315 μm in the foam has shown tremendous improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites compared to the control foam. The compressive strength increased by 11.1%, 11.6% and 29.1% for the 45-56μm, 100-160 μm and 200-315 μm fibre size, respectively. The 45-56 μm fibre size at 5.5% fibre loading showed the maximum compression strength and modulus. There is more tearing of cellular structure during expansion of the foams when larger size of fibres and larger amount of fibres are used. These lead to poor composite's strength. Micrographs of the cellular structure of the EFB-filled polyurethane foam showed that the presence of the fibrous EFB of size 200-315 μm torn the cellular structure, whereas the powder form of EFB filled the struts of the cellular network and enhanced the strength of the cell's wall.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 441-448 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition) |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| Publication status | Published - May 2005 |
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Keywords
- Empty fruit bunch fibers
- Mechanical properties
- Oil-based polyurethane foam
- Palm kernel
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Polymers and Plastics
- Materials Chemistry
Cite this
Mechanical properties of poyurethane composites from oil palm resources. / Badri, Khairiah; Othman, Zulkefly Bin; Razali, Ilyati Mohd.
In: Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition), Vol. 14, No. 5, 05.2005, p. 441-448.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanical properties of poyurethane composites from oil palm resources
AU - Badri, Khairiah
AU - Othman, Zulkefly Bin
AU - Razali, Ilyati Mohd
PY - 2005/5
Y1 - 2005/5
N2 - Approximately 22% of waste from the oil palm industry consists of empty fruit bunch (EFB). This type of biomass along with a vast quantity of agricultural residues can be utilized in natural fibre-based composites. Previous studies on palm kernel oil have successfully turned it into a polyurethane polyol in producing natural oil-based Polyurethane foam. The incorporation of different EFB fibre sizes at levels of 5.5% of 45-56 μm, 4.5% of 100-160 μm and 2.5% of 200-315 μm in the foam has shown tremendous improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites compared to the control foam. The compressive strength increased by 11.1%, 11.6% and 29.1% for the 45-56μm, 100-160 μm and 200-315 μm fibre size, respectively. The 45-56 μm fibre size at 5.5% fibre loading showed the maximum compression strength and modulus. There is more tearing of cellular structure during expansion of the foams when larger size of fibres and larger amount of fibres are used. These lead to poor composite's strength. Micrographs of the cellular structure of the EFB-filled polyurethane foam showed that the presence of the fibrous EFB of size 200-315 μm torn the cellular structure, whereas the powder form of EFB filled the struts of the cellular network and enhanced the strength of the cell's wall.
AB - Approximately 22% of waste from the oil palm industry consists of empty fruit bunch (EFB). This type of biomass along with a vast quantity of agricultural residues can be utilized in natural fibre-based composites. Previous studies on palm kernel oil have successfully turned it into a polyurethane polyol in producing natural oil-based Polyurethane foam. The incorporation of different EFB fibre sizes at levels of 5.5% of 45-56 μm, 4.5% of 100-160 μm and 2.5% of 200-315 μm in the foam has shown tremendous improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites compared to the control foam. The compressive strength increased by 11.1%, 11.6% and 29.1% for the 45-56μm, 100-160 μm and 200-315 μm fibre size, respectively. The 45-56 μm fibre size at 5.5% fibre loading showed the maximum compression strength and modulus. There is more tearing of cellular structure during expansion of the foams when larger size of fibres and larger amount of fibres are used. These lead to poor composite's strength. Micrographs of the cellular structure of the EFB-filled polyurethane foam showed that the presence of the fibrous EFB of size 200-315 μm torn the cellular structure, whereas the powder form of EFB filled the struts of the cellular network and enhanced the strength of the cell's wall.
KW - Empty fruit bunch fibers
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Oil-based polyurethane foam
KW - Palm kernel
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=23744472401&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=23744472401&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:23744472401
VL - 14
SP - 441
EP - 448
JO - Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition)
JF - Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition)
SN - 1026-1265
IS - 5
ER -