Abstract
This study reports the characterization, fabrication, and performance of global positioning systems (GPS) patch antennas as a function of calcium (Ca) concentration and dielectric constant (ε r ). Zn (1-x)CaxAl2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) thin films were prepared through a sol-gel method. The effects of added Ca on the nanostructures and dielectric properties of ZnAl 2O4 ceramics were investigated. The addition of Ca increased the crystallite size, grain size, and surface morphology, thereby increasing the density and dielectric constant. As the Ca content increased, the ε r values linearly increased. However, the Q u values decreased (at x = 0.25 to x = 0.25) after achieving the optimum values at x = 0.20. Finally, GPS patch antennas were successfully fabricated using the Zn(1-x)CaxAl2O4 material. The patch antenna sizes decreased as ε r increased from 2.88 × 4.37 cm (ε r ≈ 8.52) to 2.88 × 4.37 cm (ε r ≈ 10.16). The performance (return loss analysis) and operating frequencies of the GPS patch antennas were measured using the PNA series network analyzer. Results show that the patch antenna resonates at frequency of 1.570 GHz and produces a return loss bandwidth between -16.6 and -27.5 dB. The optimal performance of GPS patch antenna with ε r ≈ 9.95, Q u ≈ 6,186, and return loss = -27.5 dB was obtained from specimen using Zn0.80Ca0.20Al2O4 (x = 0.20) ceramics.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 477-489 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology |
| Volume | 71 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2014 |
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Keywords
- Dielectric properties
- GPS antennas
- Nanostructures
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemistry(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Biomaterials
- Ceramics and Composites
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Materials Chemistry
Cite this
GPS patch antenna performance by modification of Zn(1-x)Ca xAl2O4-based microwave dielectric ceramics. / Jalal, Wan Nasarudin Wan; Abdullah, Huda; Zulfakar, Mohd Syafiq; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Bais, Badariah; Shaari, Sahbudin.
In: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Vol. 71, No. 3, 2014, p. 477-489.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - GPS patch antenna performance by modification of Zn(1-x)Ca xAl2O4-based microwave dielectric ceramics
AU - Jalal, Wan Nasarudin Wan
AU - Abdullah, Huda
AU - Zulfakar, Mohd Syafiq
AU - Islam, Mohammad Tariqul
AU - Bais, Badariah
AU - Shaari, Sahbudin
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - This study reports the characterization, fabrication, and performance of global positioning systems (GPS) patch antennas as a function of calcium (Ca) concentration and dielectric constant (ε r ). Zn (1-x)CaxAl2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) thin films were prepared through a sol-gel method. The effects of added Ca on the nanostructures and dielectric properties of ZnAl 2O4 ceramics were investigated. The addition of Ca increased the crystallite size, grain size, and surface morphology, thereby increasing the density and dielectric constant. As the Ca content increased, the ε r values linearly increased. However, the Q u values decreased (at x = 0.25 to x = 0.25) after achieving the optimum values at x = 0.20. Finally, GPS patch antennas were successfully fabricated using the Zn(1-x)CaxAl2O4 material. The patch antenna sizes decreased as ε r increased from 2.88 × 4.37 cm (ε r ≈ 8.52) to 2.88 × 4.37 cm (ε r ≈ 10.16). The performance (return loss analysis) and operating frequencies of the GPS patch antennas were measured using the PNA series network analyzer. Results show that the patch antenna resonates at frequency of 1.570 GHz and produces a return loss bandwidth between -16.6 and -27.5 dB. The optimal performance of GPS patch antenna with ε r ≈ 9.95, Q u ≈ 6,186, and return loss = -27.5 dB was obtained from specimen using Zn0.80Ca0.20Al2O4 (x = 0.20) ceramics.
AB - This study reports the characterization, fabrication, and performance of global positioning systems (GPS) patch antennas as a function of calcium (Ca) concentration and dielectric constant (ε r ). Zn (1-x)CaxAl2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) thin films were prepared through a sol-gel method. The effects of added Ca on the nanostructures and dielectric properties of ZnAl 2O4 ceramics were investigated. The addition of Ca increased the crystallite size, grain size, and surface morphology, thereby increasing the density and dielectric constant. As the Ca content increased, the ε r values linearly increased. However, the Q u values decreased (at x = 0.25 to x = 0.25) after achieving the optimum values at x = 0.20. Finally, GPS patch antennas were successfully fabricated using the Zn(1-x)CaxAl2O4 material. The patch antenna sizes decreased as ε r increased from 2.88 × 4.37 cm (ε r ≈ 8.52) to 2.88 × 4.37 cm (ε r ≈ 10.16). The performance (return loss analysis) and operating frequencies of the GPS patch antennas were measured using the PNA series network analyzer. Results show that the patch antenna resonates at frequency of 1.570 GHz and produces a return loss bandwidth between -16.6 and -27.5 dB. The optimal performance of GPS patch antenna with ε r ≈ 9.95, Q u ≈ 6,186, and return loss = -27.5 dB was obtained from specimen using Zn0.80Ca0.20Al2O4 (x = 0.20) ceramics.
KW - Dielectric properties
KW - GPS antennas
KW - Nanostructures
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84906060689&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84906060689&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10971-014-3397-2
DO - 10.1007/s10971-014-3397-2
M3 - Article
VL - 71
SP - 477
EP - 489
JO - Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
JF - Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
SN - 0928-0707
IS - 3
ER -