Abstract
Objective: The study is going to investigate the fundamental frequency (F0) and perturbation measures of sustained vowels in 360 native Malaysian Malay children aged between 7 and 12 years using acoustical analysis. Methods: Praat software (Boersma and Weenink, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) was used to analyze the F0 and perturbation measures of the sustained vowels. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significant differences in F0 and perturbation measures across the vowels, sex, and age groups. Results: The mean F0 of Malaysian Malay male and female children were reported at 240 ± 34.88 and 254.48 ± 23.35 Hz, respectively. The jitter (Jitt), relative average perturbation (RAP), five-point period perturbation quotient (PPQ5), shimmer (Shim), and 11-point amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ11) of Malaysian male children were reported at 0.43 ± 0.26%, 0.25 ± 0.16%, 0.26 ± 0.15%, 2.48 ± 1.61%, and 1.75 ± 1.04%, respectively. As for female children, the Jitt, RAP, PPQ5, Shim, and APQ11 were reported at 0.42 ± 0.22%, 0.25 ± 0.14%, 0.25 ± 0.13%, 2.47 ± 1.53%, and 1.75 ± 1.10%, respectively. Conclusions: No significant differences in F0 were reported across the Malay vowels for both males and females. Malay females had significantly higher F0 than that in Malay males at the age of 8, 10, and 12 years. Malaysian Malay children underwent the nonsystematic decrement in F0 across the age groups. Significant differences in F0 were found across the age groups. Significant differences in perturbation measures were observed across the vowels in certain age groups of Malay males and females. Generally, no significant differences in perturbation measures between the sex were observed in all the age groups and vowels. No significant differences in all the perturbation measures across the age groups were reported in both Malaysian Malay male and female children.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 425-430 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Journal of Voice |
| Volume | 26 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 2012 |
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Keywords
- Fundamental frequency
- Malay children
- Normal voice
- Perturbation measures
- Sustained vowels
- Voice change
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Speech and Hearing
- LPN and LVN
Cite this
Fundamental frequency and perturbation measures of sustained vowels in Malaysian Malay children between 7 and 12 years old. / Ting, Hua Nong; Chia, See Yan; Manap, Hany Hazfiza; Ho, Ai Hui; Tiu, Kian Yean; Abdul Hamid, Badrulzaman.
In: Journal of Voice, Vol. 26, No. 4, 07.2012, p. 425-430.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Fundamental frequency and perturbation measures of sustained vowels in Malaysian Malay children between 7 and 12 years old
AU - Ting, Hua Nong
AU - Chia, See Yan
AU - Manap, Hany Hazfiza
AU - Ho, Ai Hui
AU - Tiu, Kian Yean
AU - Abdul Hamid, Badrulzaman
PY - 2012/7
Y1 - 2012/7
N2 - Objective: The study is going to investigate the fundamental frequency (F0) and perturbation measures of sustained vowels in 360 native Malaysian Malay children aged between 7 and 12 years using acoustical analysis. Methods: Praat software (Boersma and Weenink, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) was used to analyze the F0 and perturbation measures of the sustained vowels. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significant differences in F0 and perturbation measures across the vowels, sex, and age groups. Results: The mean F0 of Malaysian Malay male and female children were reported at 240 ± 34.88 and 254.48 ± 23.35 Hz, respectively. The jitter (Jitt), relative average perturbation (RAP), five-point period perturbation quotient (PPQ5), shimmer (Shim), and 11-point amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ11) of Malaysian male children were reported at 0.43 ± 0.26%, 0.25 ± 0.16%, 0.26 ± 0.15%, 2.48 ± 1.61%, and 1.75 ± 1.04%, respectively. As for female children, the Jitt, RAP, PPQ5, Shim, and APQ11 were reported at 0.42 ± 0.22%, 0.25 ± 0.14%, 0.25 ± 0.13%, 2.47 ± 1.53%, and 1.75 ± 1.10%, respectively. Conclusions: No significant differences in F0 were reported across the Malay vowels for both males and females. Malay females had significantly higher F0 than that in Malay males at the age of 8, 10, and 12 years. Malaysian Malay children underwent the nonsystematic decrement in F0 across the age groups. Significant differences in F0 were found across the age groups. Significant differences in perturbation measures were observed across the vowels in certain age groups of Malay males and females. Generally, no significant differences in perturbation measures between the sex were observed in all the age groups and vowels. No significant differences in all the perturbation measures across the age groups were reported in both Malaysian Malay male and female children.
AB - Objective: The study is going to investigate the fundamental frequency (F0) and perturbation measures of sustained vowels in 360 native Malaysian Malay children aged between 7 and 12 years using acoustical analysis. Methods: Praat software (Boersma and Weenink, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) was used to analyze the F0 and perturbation measures of the sustained vowels. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significant differences in F0 and perturbation measures across the vowels, sex, and age groups. Results: The mean F0 of Malaysian Malay male and female children were reported at 240 ± 34.88 and 254.48 ± 23.35 Hz, respectively. The jitter (Jitt), relative average perturbation (RAP), five-point period perturbation quotient (PPQ5), shimmer (Shim), and 11-point amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ11) of Malaysian male children were reported at 0.43 ± 0.26%, 0.25 ± 0.16%, 0.26 ± 0.15%, 2.48 ± 1.61%, and 1.75 ± 1.04%, respectively. As for female children, the Jitt, RAP, PPQ5, Shim, and APQ11 were reported at 0.42 ± 0.22%, 0.25 ± 0.14%, 0.25 ± 0.13%, 2.47 ± 1.53%, and 1.75 ± 1.10%, respectively. Conclusions: No significant differences in F0 were reported across the Malay vowels for both males and females. Malay females had significantly higher F0 than that in Malay males at the age of 8, 10, and 12 years. Malaysian Malay children underwent the nonsystematic decrement in F0 across the age groups. Significant differences in F0 were found across the age groups. Significant differences in perturbation measures were observed across the vowels in certain age groups of Malay males and females. Generally, no significant differences in perturbation measures between the sex were observed in all the age groups and vowels. No significant differences in all the perturbation measures across the age groups were reported in both Malaysian Malay male and female children.
KW - Fundamental frequency
KW - Malay children
KW - Normal voice
KW - Perturbation measures
KW - Sustained vowels
KW - Voice change
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84863192410&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.07.001
M3 - Article
VL - 26
SP - 425
EP - 430
JO - Journal of Voice
JF - Journal of Voice
SN - 0892-1997
IS - 4
ER -