Abstract
Spent bleaching earth (SBE) generated from the palm oil refinery is convertible into value-added products instead of being discarded as waste to landfills. An alternative approach is to develop SBE-based bio organic fertiliser through co-utilisation with other sources of biomass of contrasting nutrients properties. The feasibility of blending SBE with various forms of biomass - oil palm trunk (OPT), oil palm frond (OPF), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and chicken litter (CL) - in different mixing ratios was studied and its optimum ratio determined. The mixtures of SBE and various biomass at different mixing ratios were analysed for their macronutrient and micronutrient content, pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) and organic matter (OM) content. The optimised blend of SBE:OPT:CL at the ratio of 1:1:0.5 exhibited sufficient nutrient contents (N: P2O5: K2O = 0.65:1.59:1.63) and good physicochemical properties (pH = 5.4, OM = 40% and C:N = 36:1) as a base material for bio organic fertiliser production. This optimum formulation was further enriched with urea (46% N), Christmas Island rock phosphate (CIRP, 25% P2O5) and muriate of potash (MOP, 66% K2O) to produce a bio organic fertiliser suitable for vegetable crops with desired nutrients N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 2:2:2.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 57-66 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Journal of Oil Palm Research |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Mar 2015 |
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Keywords
- Bio organic fertiliser
- Oil palm biomass
- Plant nutrient
- Soil amendment
- Spent bleaching earth
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agronomy and Crop Science
- Food Science
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Biomaterials
Cite this
Formulation and optimisation of spent bleaching earth-based bio organic fertiliser. / Loh, Soh Kheang; Cheong, Kah Yein; Choo, Yuen May; Salimon, Jumat.
In: Journal of Oil Palm Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, 01.03.2015, p. 57-66.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Formulation and optimisation of spent bleaching earth-based bio organic fertiliser
AU - Loh, Soh Kheang
AU - Cheong, Kah Yein
AU - Choo, Yuen May
AU - Salimon, Jumat
PY - 2015/3/1
Y1 - 2015/3/1
N2 - Spent bleaching earth (SBE) generated from the palm oil refinery is convertible into value-added products instead of being discarded as waste to landfills. An alternative approach is to develop SBE-based bio organic fertiliser through co-utilisation with other sources of biomass of contrasting nutrients properties. The feasibility of blending SBE with various forms of biomass - oil palm trunk (OPT), oil palm frond (OPF), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and chicken litter (CL) - in different mixing ratios was studied and its optimum ratio determined. The mixtures of SBE and various biomass at different mixing ratios were analysed for their macronutrient and micronutrient content, pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) and organic matter (OM) content. The optimised blend of SBE:OPT:CL at the ratio of 1:1:0.5 exhibited sufficient nutrient contents (N: P2O5: K2O = 0.65:1.59:1.63) and good physicochemical properties (pH = 5.4, OM = 40% and C:N = 36:1) as a base material for bio organic fertiliser production. This optimum formulation was further enriched with urea (46% N), Christmas Island rock phosphate (CIRP, 25% P2O5) and muriate of potash (MOP, 66% K2O) to produce a bio organic fertiliser suitable for vegetable crops with desired nutrients N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 2:2:2.
AB - Spent bleaching earth (SBE) generated from the palm oil refinery is convertible into value-added products instead of being discarded as waste to landfills. An alternative approach is to develop SBE-based bio organic fertiliser through co-utilisation with other sources of biomass of contrasting nutrients properties. The feasibility of blending SBE with various forms of biomass - oil palm trunk (OPT), oil palm frond (OPF), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and chicken litter (CL) - in different mixing ratios was studied and its optimum ratio determined. The mixtures of SBE and various biomass at different mixing ratios were analysed for their macronutrient and micronutrient content, pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) and organic matter (OM) content. The optimised blend of SBE:OPT:CL at the ratio of 1:1:0.5 exhibited sufficient nutrient contents (N: P2O5: K2O = 0.65:1.59:1.63) and good physicochemical properties (pH = 5.4, OM = 40% and C:N = 36:1) as a base material for bio organic fertiliser production. This optimum formulation was further enriched with urea (46% N), Christmas Island rock phosphate (CIRP, 25% P2O5) and muriate of potash (MOP, 66% K2O) to produce a bio organic fertiliser suitable for vegetable crops with desired nutrients N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 2:2:2.
KW - Bio organic fertiliser
KW - Oil palm biomass
KW - Plant nutrient
KW - Soil amendment
KW - Spent bleaching earth
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84927130380&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84927130380
VL - 27
SP - 57
EP - 66
JO - Journal of Oil Palm Research
JF - Journal of Oil Palm Research
SN - 1511-2780
IS - 1
ER -