Abstract
Drinking water is supplied through a centralized water supply system and may not be accessed by communities in rural areas of Malaysia. This study investigated the performance of a low-cost, self-prepared combined activated carbon and sand filtration (CACSF) system for roof-harvested rainwater and lake water for potable use. Activated carbon was self-prepared using locally sourced coconut shell and was activated using commonly available salt rather than a high-tech procedure that requires a chemical reagent. The filtration chamber was comprised of local, readily available sand. The experiments were conducted with varying antecedent dry intervals (ADIs) of up to 15 d and lake water with varying initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The CACSF system managed to produce effluents complying with the drinking water standards for the parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), COD, total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). The CACSF system successfully decreased the population of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the influents to less than 30 CFU/mL. Samples with a higher population of E. coli (that is, greater than 30 CFU/mL) did not show 100% removal. The system also showed high potential as an alternative for treated drinking water for roof-harvested rainwater and class II lake water.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 115-124 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Water Science and Engineering |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Apr 2017 |
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Keywords
- Integrated adsorption-sand filtration
- Lake water
- Low-cost activated carbon
- Roof-harvested rainwater
- Water security
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Ocean Engineering
Cite this
Ensuring water security by utilizing roof-harvested rainwater and lake water treated with a low-cost integrated adsorption-filtration system. / Shaheed, Riffat; Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini; El-Shafie, Ahmed.
In: Water Science and Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 2, 01.04.2017, p. 115-124.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Ensuring water security by utilizing roof-harvested rainwater and lake water treated with a low-cost integrated adsorption-filtration system
AU - Shaheed, Riffat
AU - Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini
AU - El-Shafie, Ahmed
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Drinking water is supplied through a centralized water supply system and may not be accessed by communities in rural areas of Malaysia. This study investigated the performance of a low-cost, self-prepared combined activated carbon and sand filtration (CACSF) system for roof-harvested rainwater and lake water for potable use. Activated carbon was self-prepared using locally sourced coconut shell and was activated using commonly available salt rather than a high-tech procedure that requires a chemical reagent. The filtration chamber was comprised of local, readily available sand. The experiments were conducted with varying antecedent dry intervals (ADIs) of up to 15 d and lake water with varying initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The CACSF system managed to produce effluents complying with the drinking water standards for the parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), COD, total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). The CACSF system successfully decreased the population of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the influents to less than 30 CFU/mL. Samples with a higher population of E. coli (that is, greater than 30 CFU/mL) did not show 100% removal. The system also showed high potential as an alternative for treated drinking water for roof-harvested rainwater and class II lake water.
AB - Drinking water is supplied through a centralized water supply system and may not be accessed by communities in rural areas of Malaysia. This study investigated the performance of a low-cost, self-prepared combined activated carbon and sand filtration (CACSF) system for roof-harvested rainwater and lake water for potable use. Activated carbon was self-prepared using locally sourced coconut shell and was activated using commonly available salt rather than a high-tech procedure that requires a chemical reagent. The filtration chamber was comprised of local, readily available sand. The experiments were conducted with varying antecedent dry intervals (ADIs) of up to 15 d and lake water with varying initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The CACSF system managed to produce effluents complying with the drinking water standards for the parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), COD, total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). The CACSF system successfully decreased the population of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the influents to less than 30 CFU/mL. Samples with a higher population of E. coli (that is, greater than 30 CFU/mL) did not show 100% removal. The system also showed high potential as an alternative for treated drinking water for roof-harvested rainwater and class II lake water.
KW - Integrated adsorption-sand filtration
KW - Lake water
KW - Low-cost activated carbon
KW - Roof-harvested rainwater
KW - Water security
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021685074&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85021685074&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wse.2017.05.002
DO - 10.1016/j.wse.2017.05.002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85021685074
VL - 10
SP - 115
EP - 124
JO - Water Science and Engineering
JF - Water Science and Engineering
SN - 1674-2370
IS - 2
ER -