Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused significant burden to Malaysia as it accounted for 36% of total deaths. This study aims to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk factors among Malaysian adult and assess the difference between urban and rural population in the selected communities. Methods: This study is part of the ongoing Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) database, whereby the baseline data were collected since June 2008. CVD risk was measured using INTERHEART risk score which comprised of eleven risk factors i.e. age and gender, family history of heart attack, smoking status, exposure to second hand smoke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension status, waist-hip ratio, self-reported stress, depression, dietary habits and physical activity status. Results: Majority of the studied participants had low cardiovascular risk (57%). Participants from rural area were generally older, had lower educational status, higher prevalence of smokers, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and more likely to be depressed. In comparison, urbanites had lower physical activities and more likely to be stressful. Mean INTERHEART score among rural participants were higher, especially for male, in comparison to urbanite (11.5±5.83 vs. 10.01±5.74, p<0.001). Conclusion: Contradict to common beliefs, participants in rural areas generally have higher cardiovascular risk factors compared to their urban counterparts. The rural population should be targeted for focused preventive interventions, taking account the socioeconomic and cultural context.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 331-337 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Medical Journal of Malaysia |
| Volume | 71 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Dec 2016 |
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Keywords
- Adult
- Cardiovascular disease
- Malaysia
- Risk factors
- Urban and rural population
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine(all)
Cite this
Cardiovascular risk assessment between urban and rural population in Malaysia. / Ismail, Noor Hassim; Rosli, Norazman Mohd; Mahat, Diana; Yusof, Khairul Hazdi; Ismail, Rosnah.
In: Medical Journal of Malaysia, Vol. 71, No. 6, 01.12.2016, p. 331-337.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiovascular risk assessment between urban and rural population in Malaysia
AU - Ismail, Noor Hassim
AU - Rosli, Norazman Mohd
AU - Mahat, Diana
AU - Yusof, Khairul Hazdi
AU - Ismail, Rosnah
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused significant burden to Malaysia as it accounted for 36% of total deaths. This study aims to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk factors among Malaysian adult and assess the difference between urban and rural population in the selected communities. Methods: This study is part of the ongoing Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) database, whereby the baseline data were collected since June 2008. CVD risk was measured using INTERHEART risk score which comprised of eleven risk factors i.e. age and gender, family history of heart attack, smoking status, exposure to second hand smoke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension status, waist-hip ratio, self-reported stress, depression, dietary habits and physical activity status. Results: Majority of the studied participants had low cardiovascular risk (57%). Participants from rural area were generally older, had lower educational status, higher prevalence of smokers, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and more likely to be depressed. In comparison, urbanites had lower physical activities and more likely to be stressful. Mean INTERHEART score among rural participants were higher, especially for male, in comparison to urbanite (11.5±5.83 vs. 10.01±5.74, p<0.001). Conclusion: Contradict to common beliefs, participants in rural areas generally have higher cardiovascular risk factors compared to their urban counterparts. The rural population should be targeted for focused preventive interventions, taking account the socioeconomic and cultural context.
AB - Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused significant burden to Malaysia as it accounted for 36% of total deaths. This study aims to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk factors among Malaysian adult and assess the difference between urban and rural population in the selected communities. Methods: This study is part of the ongoing Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) database, whereby the baseline data were collected since June 2008. CVD risk was measured using INTERHEART risk score which comprised of eleven risk factors i.e. age and gender, family history of heart attack, smoking status, exposure to second hand smoke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension status, waist-hip ratio, self-reported stress, depression, dietary habits and physical activity status. Results: Majority of the studied participants had low cardiovascular risk (57%). Participants from rural area were generally older, had lower educational status, higher prevalence of smokers, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and more likely to be depressed. In comparison, urbanites had lower physical activities and more likely to be stressful. Mean INTERHEART score among rural participants were higher, especially for male, in comparison to urbanite (11.5±5.83 vs. 10.01±5.74, p<0.001). Conclusion: Contradict to common beliefs, participants in rural areas generally have higher cardiovascular risk factors compared to their urban counterparts. The rural population should be targeted for focused preventive interventions, taking account the socioeconomic and cultural context.
KW - Adult
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Malaysia
KW - Risk factors
KW - Urban and rural population
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M3 - Article
VL - 71
SP - 331
EP - 337
JO - Medical Journal of Malaysia
JF - Medical Journal of Malaysia
SN - 0300-5283
IS - 6
ER -