Abstract
In cryptography, the previous research generally appears ambiguous and complex to the novice researcher due to the use of complex mathematical equations and rules of cryptography. Moreover, many research approaches lack flexibility in their key length or in their level of encryption. Consequently, combining simplicity, flexibility, and reliability is not easily obtainable in a cryptosystem, especially for larger and more complex data items. Therefore, a new system, called Flexible cryptosystem based on Cellular Automata (FcCA), is proposed here as a novel simplified flexible cryptosystem based on cellular automata (CA). FcCA presents simplified techniques for making CA reversible while creating a robust flexible cryptosystem that performs lossless encryption of three-dimensional (3D) objects and images of different types. It uses pure random CA as a diffusion technique, and it employs a modified existing confusion technique by substituting the static start point with proposed multi-dynamic intersected start points. In addition, FcCA novelty includes using a combination of aspects: random configuration with open boundary conditions, g-th order memory independent-cell technique, and classification of two parts of the encryption key into subkeys. The length and complexity of FcCA subkeys can be controlled easily because the subkeys depend on flexible parameters. Testing and validation of FcCA scrambling level were performed with several criteria including correlation, entropy, peak signal to noise ratio, and value difference degree. Experimental results showed that FcCA has high flexibility, a high level of scrambling, and higher robustness of keys compared to other methods of encryption. In addition, sensitivity analysis showed FcCA to be highly sensitive to changes in the encryption key and encrypted images and objects. Overall, the properties of FcCA demonstrated its effectiveness as a cryptosystem for images and 3D objects.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2019 |
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Keywords
- Cellular automata
- Grayscale
- Meshed 3D object
- RGB
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Computer Science(all)
Cite this
A simple flexible cryptosystem for meshed 3D objects and images. / Mizher, Manal Abd Al Jabbar Ahmad; Sulaiman, Riza; Abdalla, Ayman Mahmoud Aref; Mizher, Manar Abduljabbar Ahmad.
In: Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 01.01.2019.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - A simple flexible cryptosystem for meshed 3D objects and images
AU - Mizher, Manal Abd Al Jabbar Ahmad
AU - Sulaiman, Riza
AU - Abdalla, Ayman Mahmoud Aref
AU - Mizher, Manar Abduljabbar Ahmad
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - In cryptography, the previous research generally appears ambiguous and complex to the novice researcher due to the use of complex mathematical equations and rules of cryptography. Moreover, many research approaches lack flexibility in their key length or in their level of encryption. Consequently, combining simplicity, flexibility, and reliability is not easily obtainable in a cryptosystem, especially for larger and more complex data items. Therefore, a new system, called Flexible cryptosystem based on Cellular Automata (FcCA), is proposed here as a novel simplified flexible cryptosystem based on cellular automata (CA). FcCA presents simplified techniques for making CA reversible while creating a robust flexible cryptosystem that performs lossless encryption of three-dimensional (3D) objects and images of different types. It uses pure random CA as a diffusion technique, and it employs a modified existing confusion technique by substituting the static start point with proposed multi-dynamic intersected start points. In addition, FcCA novelty includes using a combination of aspects: random configuration with open boundary conditions, g-th order memory independent-cell technique, and classification of two parts of the encryption key into subkeys. The length and complexity of FcCA subkeys can be controlled easily because the subkeys depend on flexible parameters. Testing and validation of FcCA scrambling level were performed with several criteria including correlation, entropy, peak signal to noise ratio, and value difference degree. Experimental results showed that FcCA has high flexibility, a high level of scrambling, and higher robustness of keys compared to other methods of encryption. In addition, sensitivity analysis showed FcCA to be highly sensitive to changes in the encryption key and encrypted images and objects. Overall, the properties of FcCA demonstrated its effectiveness as a cryptosystem for images and 3D objects.
AB - In cryptography, the previous research generally appears ambiguous and complex to the novice researcher due to the use of complex mathematical equations and rules of cryptography. Moreover, many research approaches lack flexibility in their key length or in their level of encryption. Consequently, combining simplicity, flexibility, and reliability is not easily obtainable in a cryptosystem, especially for larger and more complex data items. Therefore, a new system, called Flexible cryptosystem based on Cellular Automata (FcCA), is proposed here as a novel simplified flexible cryptosystem based on cellular automata (CA). FcCA presents simplified techniques for making CA reversible while creating a robust flexible cryptosystem that performs lossless encryption of three-dimensional (3D) objects and images of different types. It uses pure random CA as a diffusion technique, and it employs a modified existing confusion technique by substituting the static start point with proposed multi-dynamic intersected start points. In addition, FcCA novelty includes using a combination of aspects: random configuration with open boundary conditions, g-th order memory independent-cell technique, and classification of two parts of the encryption key into subkeys. The length and complexity of FcCA subkeys can be controlled easily because the subkeys depend on flexible parameters. Testing and validation of FcCA scrambling level were performed with several criteria including correlation, entropy, peak signal to noise ratio, and value difference degree. Experimental results showed that FcCA has high flexibility, a high level of scrambling, and higher robustness of keys compared to other methods of encryption. In addition, sensitivity analysis showed FcCA to be highly sensitive to changes in the encryption key and encrypted images and objects. Overall, the properties of FcCA demonstrated its effectiveness as a cryptosystem for images and 3D objects.
KW - Cellular automata
KW - Grayscale
KW - Meshed 3D object
KW - RGB
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85063513557&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85063513557&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.03.008
DO - 10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.03.008
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85063513557
JO - Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences
JF - Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences
SN - 1319-1578
ER -